A cystocele happens when the bladder pushes down into the vaginal canal because the supporting tissues and muscles between the bladder and vaginal wall have weakened or stretched.

Normally, these muscles and tissues hold the bladder in place, but when they weaken or become damaged, the bladder can protrude into the vaginal space.

Childbirth: Vaginal delivery, especially multiple or difficult deliveries, can strain and weaken the pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues.

Aging and Menopause: As women age and go through menopause, estrogen levels decrease, which can lead to weaker tissues and muscles.

Chronic Straining: Activities that cause prolonged straining, such as chronic constipation, heavy lifting, or persistent coughing, can put excessive pressure on the pelvic floor.

Other factors: Obesity, prior pelvic surgery, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to cystocele.

A feeling of pressure or fullness in the vagina.

Difficulty emptying the bladder completely.

Urinary frequency or urgency.

Urinary incontinence.

Pain during sexual intercourse.

A bulge or lump in the vaginal area.

Non-surgical: Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy(PFMT) can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve bladder support.

Surgical: In cases where non-surgical treatments are not effective or the prolapse is severe, surgery may be recommended to repair the weakened tissues and restore support to the bladder and vaginal wall (Pelvic floor reconstruction).

Pessary: A pessary, a removable device, can be inserted into the vagina to support the bladder and other pelvic organs.

Your healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam.

Additional tests may include:

1. Cystourethrogram (voiding cystogram): An X-ray of the bladder taken while you are urinating.

2. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This test creates detailed images of the inside of your body to determine the extent of bladder prolapse.

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